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Erfurt lies in the southern part of the Thuringian Basin, within the wide valley of the Gera river. Erfurt’s old town is one of the best preserved medieval city centres in Germany. The city is situated on russian club erfurt Via Regia, a medieval trade and pilgrims’ road network. Modern day Erfurt is also a hub for ICE high speed trains and other German and European transport networks.

Erfurt was first mentioned in 742, as Saint Boniface founded the diocese. The University of Erfurt was founded in 1379, making it the first university to be established within the geographic area which constitutes modern-day Germany. It closed in 1816 and was re-established in 1994, with the main modern campus on what was a teachers’ training college. Erfurt is an old Germanic settlement. Erfurt revealed human traces from the paleolithic period, ca. The town is first mentioned in 742 under the name of “Erphesfurt”: in that year, Saint Boniface wrote to Pope Zachary to inform him that he had established three dioceses in central Germany, one of them “in a place called Erphesfurt, which for a long time has been inhabited by pagan natives. Throughout the Middle Ages, Erfurt was an important trading town because of its location, near a ford across the Gera river.

During the 10th and 11th centuries both the Emperor and the Electorate of Mainz held some privileges in Erfurt. The German kings had an important monastery on Petersberg hill and the Archbishops of Mainz collected taxes from the people. The Jewish community of Erfurt was founded in the 11th century and became, together with Mainz, Worms and Speyer, one of the most influential in Germany. In 1379, the University of Erfurt was founded. Christina, Queen of Sweden, depicted on a 1645 Erfurt 10 ducat coin. Erfurt and began his studies at the university.

After 1505, he lived at St. In 1507 he was ordained as a priest in Erfurt Cathedral. He moved permanently to Wittenberg in 1511. In 1530, the city became one of the first in Europe to be officially bi-confessional with the Hammelburg Treaty. It kept that status through all the following centuries. The later 16th and the 17th century brought a slow economic decline of Erfurt.

Trade shrank, the population was falling and the university lost its influence. During the late 18th century, Erfurt saw another cultural peak. Erfurt became part of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1802, to compensate for territories Prussia lost to France on the Left Bank of the Rhine. During their administration, the French introduced street lighting and a tax on foreign horses to pay for maintaining the road surface. With the Sixth Coalition forming after French defeat in Russia, on 24 February 1813 Napoleon ordered the Petersburg Citadel to prepare for siege, visiting the city on 25 April to inspect the fortifications, in particular both Citadels.